Values Attributed to Marriage by Persons with Physical Disabilities     

Krystyna Błeszyńska 《International Journal of Disability, Development & Education》1995,42(3):203-210

Within the so‐called normal society one can observe again and again symptoms of reluctance to being closely associated with people with physical disabilities. The general opinion is that this group of people is characterised by specific psychological and physical functioning and they are thought to have distinct needs and expectations as regards family life. To verify and confirm the above, comparative research was undertaken to find out how young able‐bodied, blind and persons using wheelchairs evaluate marriage. The subject of the research was the importance ascribed to the hierarchy of values related to marriage and family, and the types of needs satisfied through these institutions of social life. The participants were asked to evaluate such phenomena as love, sexual life and parenthood as well as expressing their attitude and opinion on conjugal infidelity. The results obtained do not indicate any significant differences in attitudes and views presented between the groups under consideration. All valued marriage and family life very highly and had similar expectations, however, not all will be able to fulfil their needs and aspirations in these areas. It will be quite complicated, especially so for those who are disabled. All possible failures are caused by, first of all, negative attitudes of the society towards erotic activities of people with disabilities.  相似文献   

Oculomotor dynamics in skilled soccer players: The effects of sport expertise and strenuous physical effort     

Teresa Zwierko  Wojciech Jedziniak  Beata Florkiewicz  Miłosz Stępiński  Rafał Buryta  Dorota Kostrzewa-Nowak 《European Journal of Sport Science》2019,19(5):612-620

The ability to quickly locate objects within the visual field has a significant influence on athletic performance. Saccades are conjugate eye movements responsible for the rapid shift that brings a new part of the visual field into foveal vision. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of sport expertise and intense physical effort on saccade dynamics during a free-viewing visual search task in skilled soccer players. Two groups of male subjects participated in this study: 18 soccer players and 18 non-athletes as the control group. Two sessions of visual search tasks without a sport-specific design were employed. Eye movements during the visual search tasks were recorded binocularly. Between pre- and post-test sessions, athletes performed a maximal incremental treadmill test. Cardiorespiratory parameters were measured continuously. Capillary lactate samples were collected. Pre-test findings indicated that athletes, in comparison to non-athletes, achieve higher values of the following characteristics of saccades (1) average acceleration, (2) acceleration peak, (3) deceleration peak, and (4) average velocity. An increase in post-test saccade duration and a decrease in post-test saccade velocity was observed in athletes due to the strenuous physical effort in relation to the pre-test state. Athletes may transfer high saccadic function efficiency to non-specific visual stimuli. The findings partially confirm that physical exertion can reduce oculomotor efficiency in athletes.  相似文献   

Insulin sensitivity and β-cell function estimated by HOMA2 model in sprint-trained athletes aged 20−90 years vs endurance runners and untrained participants     

Krzysztof Kusy  Jacek Zieliński  Łucja Pilaczyńska-Szcześniak 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(15):1656-1664

Abstract

There are no studies available that portray insulin sensitivity and β-cell function in ageing sprint-trained athletes. We compared male young and master sprint-trained athletes to endurance-trained and untrained individuals. We hypothesised that ageing sprint-trained athletes would preserve insulin sensitivity and β-cell function at a level similar to that of endurance-trained peers and better than in untrained individuals. We showed the associations between age and parameters derived from the updated Homeostasis Model Assessment (HOMA2 model) in 52 sprint-trained track and field athletes (aged 20?90 years), 85 endurance runners (20?80 years) and 55 untrained individuals (20?70 years). Fasting glucose, fasting insulin, insulin sensitivity and β-cell function were not associated with age in sprint-trained athletes. These variables remained relatively stable across a wide range of age and comparable to those observed in endurance-trained athletes. In contrast, the untrained group showed considerable age-related increase in fasting insulin and β-cell activity and a strong decrease in insulin sensitivity compared to both athletic groups. HOMA2 parameters were significantly related to maximal oxygen in the combined group of participants. In summary, chronic training based on a “sprint model” of physical activity, that contains mixed exercise, seems to be effective in maintaining normal insulin sensitivity with ageing.  相似文献   

Acoustic emission monitoring of an eighteenth-century wardrobe to support a strategy for indoor climate management     

Marcin Strojecki  Leszek Krzemień  Joanna Sobczyk  Łukasz Bratasz 《文物保护研究》2014,59(4):225-232

The on-site monitoring of acoustic emission (AE) has allowed the direct tracing of climate-induced crack propagation in an eighteenth-century wardrobe displayed in the Gallery of Decorative Art in the National Museum in Krakow, Poland. The anti-correlation measuring scheme and frequency filtering allowed very low levels of physical damage to the wardrobe to be detected in spite of the high background noise typical of the museum environment. The total AE energy recorded during two years of monitoring corresponded to a fractured area of 12 mm² or a total crack propagation of 1.2 mm for two10-mm-thick panels. Although the total damage recorded was minute, correlation between the events of fracturing and falls in indoor relative humidity (RH) in winter due to insufficient humidification was evident. The risk of damage, expressed in terms of crack propagation, was quantified as a function of the magnitude of the RH falls of the duration compatible with the response time of the object. The data allow acceptable RH falls to be identified if a conservation professional or a curator selects a ‘tolerable’ yearly propagation of the fracture, in other words the progress of damage considered insignificant.  相似文献   

The effect of progressively increased physical efforts on visual evoked potentials in volleyball players and non-athletes     

Zwierko T  Lubiński W  Lubkowska A  Niechwiej-Szwedo E  Czepita D 《Journal of sports sciences》2011,29(14):1563-1572

We assessed the effect of physical effort with increasing intensity on neural activity in the visual pathway in volleyball players (n = 10) and non-athletes (n = 10). Participants performed three 10-min tests of increasing intensity on a cycle ergometer. Each participant was assigned individual workloads below the lactate threshold (40% [Vdot]O(2max)), at the lactate threshold (65-75% [Vdot]O(2max)), and above the lactate threshold (80% [Vdot]O(2max)). Four recordings of visual evoked potentials were made: pre-exercise and immediately after each of the three subsequent tests. We assessed neural activity of the visual pathway by examining the amplitude and latency of the N75, P100, and N135 components of the visual evoked potentials waveform. Pre-exercise P100 wave latency was shorter (P < 0.05) in volleyball players than in non-athletes. In non-athletes, the latency of P100 following the first and second effort (40% and 65-75% [Vdot]O(2max)) was reduced compared with pre-exercise (P < 0.01). However, P100 latency increased and P100 amplitude decreased after the third test (80% [Vdot]O(2max)) in non-athletes. In contrast, no significant changes in the latency or amplitude of visual evoked potentials were observed in the athletes in the three tests. Neural conductivity in the visual pathway after exercise might be at least partially dependent on the individual's personal training adaptation status.  相似文献   

Microfluidic formulation of pectin microbeads for encapsulation and controlled release of nanoparticles     

Ogończyk D  Siek M  Garstecki P 《Biomicrofluidics》2011,5(1):13405

We report a method for formulation of pectin microbeads using microfluidics. The technique uses biocompatible ingredients and allows for controlled external gelation with hydrogen and calcium ions delivered from an organic phase of rapeseed oil. This method allows for encapsulation of nanoparticles into the microparticles of gel and for control of the rate of their release.  相似文献   

Phytases Improve Myo-Inositol Bioaccessibility in Rye Bread: A Study Using an In Vitro Method of Digestion and a Caco-2 Cell Culture Model     

Robert Duliński  Emilia Katarzyna Cielecka  Ma?gorzata Pierzchalska  Krzysztof ?y?a 《Food Technology and Biotechnology》2015,53(1):66-72

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The socio-economic effectiveness of education     

Jan Kluczyński  Michat Gmytrasiewicz 《Higher Education》1972,1(3):333-344

The authors discuss the factors which predetermine research into the effectiveness of education and the role of economics in educational research. Three fundamental research areas are identified: macroeconomic research into the relations between the national economy and culture and the educational system, economic aspects of the functioning of education, and cost-effectiveness in individual terms. The principles of planning and its implications for policy are discussed and the role of research on expenditure and costs defined. The effects of education are shown as being of two kinds, direct and indirect, and their relative importance for planning is considered and illustrated with examples from the authors' own research in Poland. Finally, the quantitative and qualitative aspects of extensive and intensive development policies and their relationship to overall national economic development are investigated and a number of conclusions drawn.

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Résumé Les auteurs discutent les facteurs qui conditionnent la recherche consacrée au rendement de l'éducation ainsi que la rôle de l'économie dans la recherche sur l'éducation. Ils distinguent trois domaines fondamentaux de la recherche: premièrement, la recherche macro-économique portant sur les relations entre la culture ou l'économie nationale et le système d'éducation; deuxièmement les aspects économique du processus d'éducation; troisièmement les études de rendement en fonction du coût de l'éducation par téte. L'article discute les principes de la planification et ses implications en termes de politique de l'éducation et cherche à définir les effets de la recherche sur les dépenses et les coûts. On montre que les conséquences du processus d'éducation sont de deux types et leurs importance relative du point de vue de la planification est mise en évidence et illustrée par des exemples empruntés aux recherches des auteurs sur la Pologne. En conclusion, l'article éclaire les aspects tant quantitatifs que qualitatifs des politiques de développement extensif et intensif de l'éducation dans leurs relations au développement global de l'économie nationale pour en tirer un certain nombre de remarques finales. *** DIRECT SUPPORT *** A0010002 00003

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Higher education in European socialist countries     

Jan Kluczyński 《Prospects》1980,10(2):196-201

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Toward relationships-querying in document retrieval systems     

Henryk Rybiński  Janusz Rolecki  Janusz Getta  Hanna Popowska 《Information processing & management》1985,21(5):419-431

A concept of end-user query language with facilities of expressing relationships between objects kept in a data base is presented. The idea of nesting these facilities in typical document system query language is shown. Special kinds of referring terms are designed. Examples of usage of the new facilities are attached.  相似文献